Between TiO2 and UV254 which one contributes more towards fouling? This question that I would like to discuss in this post. The answer at this time will solely based on my own experience. From what I have before about permeability, it is important factor to be considered. Because as I said already in that post, permeability means the size, the MWCO of the membrane. Higher permeability tends to give higher flux in the short term, depending on the MWCO of the membrane. Higher permeability membranes will give more severe decline of flux, means more fouling. Lower permeability membranes in initial operation produce lower flux, but at least the fouling is not as severe as higher permeability membranes. Another advantage for lower permeability membranes is higher rejection, stable as a function of operation time.
Titanium dioxide: paper review
So I read this paper, and found something valuable there. Photocatalysis is often used for treating water organic pollutants. Titanium dioxide is usually used because it is stable and inexpensive. This paper stated that one author observed that increasing the initial pH of phenol, increases the decomposition rate, reaching max value at 3.3, then decreasing upon further increase in pH.
UV/Vis Spectrometer Cintra
Im fixing my theses and putting the information about UV/Vis spectrometer I used for my experiment. I was using GBC Cintra 20 UV/Vis spectrometer. When I try to find out about the details through google, hardly to get relevant information. But if you are interested to find out about Cintra family UV/Vis spectrometer, I suggest … Read more
Global warming and emission
Its been a long time ago when I wrote about global warming. I just checked again and I remember I lost that article due to hosting problem at that time. Well, probably if I have more time I will rewrite it, or copy it here if I still have the copy of the file. As you know, the major cause of global warming is the presence of CO2, well known as one of the greenhouse gases exist in our atmosphere.
Now the sources of this CO2 vary, from industries until the biggest major pollution source, is transportation. As matter as fact, vehicles in both developed and developing countries have a very significant growth. Thats bad I will say. Why, that will make more CO2 being released on our atmosphere. The presence of CO2 will trap most of UV light sent by the sun, thus will increase the temperature of the earth. Enough to say, but the proof is already in front of us.
Recovery rate of flux membrane operation
In this post I want to know about the flux recovery rate. From the book Basic Principles of Membrane Technology
So, recovery or r is defined by Qr/Qp. My research compute the value of Qr in m3/sec, while Qp in term of gram/sec. So, assume that the density of feed water equals to 1,000 kg/m3, then I can equalize the unit. Recovery is usually used to describe the membrane performance. In practical, membrane installation is usually set to produce recovery as high as possible. On the opposite on the lab in university, where generally recovery is very low to allow complete separation.
Water supply and wastewater system: brief history
Long time ago, probably up to present, public water facilities were part of civil engineer’s project. Water supply and wastewater drainage were among the job whose civil engineers do to preserve environment and protect human health.
Why TiO2 is most often used photocatalyst
This post is dedicated to answer several questions raised why TiO2 being a popular photocatalyst and thus often being used for photocatalysis and photodegradation any unwanted compounds or chemicals including microorganism, organic particles. I just found in a paper of Weimin Xi (2001), he stated that TiO2 is having considerable photocatalytic activity. Honestly I do … Read more
Fouling as membrane shortcomings
I do not care if this post will contain only a couple hundred words. I just found an interesting definition of cake formation on the membrane surface. As you probably aware, this cake formation along with pore blockage, concentration polarization have caused fouling, sort of clogging in conventional filter, which increase negative value of membrane … Read more
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Civil Engineering-civilization
Civilization is the most important keword of this post. Through western civilization settled agriculture and the development of agricultural skills created a cooperative social fabric and spawned the growth of communities, as well as changed the face of the earth with its overriding impact on the natural environment. Civilization had contributed to the change of our natural landscape to more “artificial” one. Thus it produced both positive and negative impact to the natural habitat.