My International paper

Wow, it has been more than 1 month of my absence updating this blog. I am now busy to submit my paper. The paper is concentration to discuss the advantage and the plus of my ceramic membrane. So first step I want to compose for my paper is to define the benefit of using the ceramic membrane instead of organic membrane. The benefit that I would like to propose is in terms of flux. My experiments had shown that the flux decline of my ceramic membrane is less than the organic membrane. The other thing I would like to display is the process of photocatalysis, by attaching the TiO2 in the surface of the membrane. This is often called immobilization. Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in Membrane Theses | No Comments »

Environmental impact statement and Environmental assessment

The general principle of environmental impact assessment has been explained in previous post. Three outcomes resulted from judging the proposed project are FONSI, EA and EIA. EA and EIS document generally consist on three parts, introduction, description of proposed project and alternatives and description of the environment affected by the proposed actions.

The introduction part of the document will state overview of the project, the purpose, alternative actions, summary of important environmental aspects and the methods of assessment being used. The description of proposed actions and alternative will describe the actions, lists of stage conducted for the project. In this part, alternatives are also mentioned, including a “no-action” alternatives as well. Statement also include the projected actions if the project is not done. Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in Impact Assessment | No Comments »

What is the effect of MWCO membrane towards fouling?

Right, this post is actually being made because of my other post about Between TiO2 and UV254 to contribute fouling and performance. If you look at the paragraph 2, it tells everything about the problem of the permeability. Im gonna try again to define the problem.

Well, permeability as I already mention it in another post about will TiO₂ coating cause denser pore or smaller MWCO? is representing the MWCO of membrane, because permeability is an indicator of the quantity of pure water passing through the membrane. Several conclusions about permeability based on my experiments are located below. Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in Membrane Theses | No Comments »

Between TiO2 and UV254

Between TiO₂ and UV₂₅₄ which one contributes more towards fouling? This question that I would like to discuss in this post. The answer at this time will solely based on my own experience. From what I have before about permeability, it is important factor to be considered. Because as I said already in that post, permeability means the size, the MWCO of the membrane. Higher permeability tends to give higher flux in the short term, depending on the MWCO of the membrane. Higher permeability membranes will give more severe decline of flux, means more fouling. Lower permeability membranes in initial operation produce lower flux, but at least the fouling is not as severe as higher permeability membranes. Another advantage for lower permeability membranes is higher rejection, stable as a function of operation time. Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in Membrane Theses | No Comments »

Titanium dioxide: paper review

So I read this paper, and found something valuable there. Photocatalysis is often used for treating water organic pollutants. Titanium dioxide is usually used because it is stable and inexpensive. This paper stated that one author observed that increasing the initial pH of phenol, increases the decomposition rate, reaching max value at 3.3, then decreasing upon further increase in pH. Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in Membrane Theses, Paper Review | No Comments »

UV/Vis Spectrometer Cintra

Im fixing my theses and putting the information about UV/Vis spectrometer I used for my experiment. I was using GBC Cintra 20 UV/Vis spectrometer. When I try to find out about the details through google, hardly to get relevant information. But if you are interested to find out about Cintra family UV/Vis spectrometer, I suggest you visit http://www.gbcscientific.com/

Posted in Instrumentation | No Comments »

Global warming and emission

Its been a long time ago when I wrote about global warming. I just checked again and I remember I lost that article due to hosting problem at that time. Well, probably if I have more time I will rewrite it, or copy it here if I still have the copy of the file. As you know, the major cause of global warming is the presence of CO₂, well known as one of the greenhouse gases exist in our atmosphere.

Now the sources of this CO₂ vary, from industries until the biggest major pollution source, is transportation. As matter as fact, vehicles in both developed and developing countries have a very significant growth. Thats bad I will say. Why, that will make more CO₂ being released on our atmosphere. The presence of CO₂ will trap most of UV light sent by the sun, thus will increase the temperature of the earth. Enough to say, but the proof is already in front of us. Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in Air Pollution | 1 Comment »

Recovery rate of flux membrane operation

In this post I want to know about the flux recovery rate. From the book Basic Principles of Membrane Technology I found out the explanation about recovery rate. It define the ratio between qp and qr. Qp is permeate flow rate while Qr is feed stream flow rate. Before I move on, please see this doc, Recovery Diagram. Simple diagram process. Q is flowrate, f is feed, r is retentate and p is permeate.

So, recovery or r is defined by Qr/Qp. My research compute the value of Qr in m³/sec, while Qp in term of gram/sec. So, assume that the density of feed water equals to 1,000 kg/m³, then I can equalize the unit. Recovery is usually used to describe the membrane performance. In practical, membrane installation is usually set to produce recovery as high as possible. On the opposite on the lab in university, where generally recovery is very low to allow complete separation. Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in Membrane Theses | No Comments »

Water supply and wastewater system: brief history

Long time ago, probably up to present, public water facilities were part of civil engineer’s project. Water supply and wastewater drainage were among the job whose civil engineers do to preserve environment and protect human health. Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in Environmental Engineering I, Introduction to Environmental Engineering | No Comments »

Why TiO2 is most often used photocatalyst

This post is dedicated to answer several questions raised why TiO₂ being a popular photocatalyst and thus often being used for photocatalysis and photodegradation any unwanted compounds or chemicals including microorganism, organic particles.

I just found in a paper of Weimin Xi (2001), he stated that TiO₂ is having considerable photocatalytic activity. Honestly I do not know what does that mean by photocatalytic activity. It has high stability, non-environmental impact and low cost. Despite that not all those factors I know, but I ever read somewhere in journals, probably by Katsofidou, that the presence of TiO₂ of course coupled with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has produced non hazardous stream of product water as a result of transformation of organics treated by photocatalysis.

Posted in Membrane Theses, Photocatalysis | No Comments »